Surprising Factors That Contribute to Periodontal Disease

Last updated 4 months ago

Periodontal diseases are some of the most common and potentially devastating oral diseases. Periodontal disease occurs when chronic bacterial infections affect the gums and the bones that support the teeth. Learn more about the factors that contribute to periodontal disease in this disease overview.

Inadequate Oral Hygiene
Periodontal disease occurs when bacteria begin infecting the gums and surrounding dental materials. Forgoing daily brushing and flossing allows the bacteria to form a sticky network of plaque. Eventually, bacteria can create an infection in the gums and underlying bone structure, causing periodontal disease. Poor nutrition can also be a risk factor for gum disease.

Smoking and Tobacco Use
Not only are tobacco products hazardous to your lungs and other parts of your body, smokers are also at a higher risk for periodontal disease. Smoking lowers your immune system and makes you more susceptible to the infections that cause periodontal disease. The stains that accumulate because of smoking also increase plaque accumulation. Smoking also dries out your mouth, which reduces the saliva your mouth needs to remove bacteria.

Pregnancy
Female hormones affect the gums and can exacerbate existing gingivitis. Many women find that the hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause or worsen gum disease. The disease often begins around the second month and peaks around the eighth month, though it usually abates in the months after birth.

Genetics
Approximately 30% of the population has a genetic predisposition for gum disease. Studies also show that children with parents with periodontal disease are 12 times more likely to have the bacteria that cause plaque buildup and gum disease.

Other Factors
While bacteria growth is the main cause of periodontal disease, other periodontal disease risk factors include:

Stress
Certain medications
Diabetes
Systemic diseases
Vitamin deficiencies

Reduce your risk of periodontal disease by practicing healthy oral hygiene habits and scheduling regular dental appointments at Kafko, Kaminsky & Kaufman DDS. Specializing in general and cosmetic dentistry, we help our Manhattan patients achieve beautiful, healthy smiles. Call (212) 355-2290 and visit our website to learn more about our NYC practice.